邢唷> 欹` 餜擦bjbj藄藄6: ****8T.,2\fffffA K W 2222222$>4h6P32i!AA!!32*4^(ff29.9.9.!ff 29.! 29.9.9.fZ 坝f--(9.1,2029.6, 69.69._E9.m &___3232-X___2!!!!D  ***  噀f[噀S覊r倓v靣yr'` R鷁NS S琋'Yf[Y齎韹f[b栺傢孄| Xd 亯噀Sxvz g)R嶯噀f[xvz _NO bN汵 N)R嶯噀f[xvz剉>PT 詋俌酧IY噀S砆歔簨0齙茐噀f[靣yr'`0,g噀諎T鹼S_鉔齎\魦剉 gsQ\O罷孴xvz寚eS砆歔簨鵞嶯t銐噀f[\O罷剉 N)Rq_蚑 :_ \蛻噀f[蔛vQ噀S覊r傡ryr'`剉臺亯'`0 sQ.曂噀f[噀SR '`仠綶 YKQXbW 1._ g褟麐0R駛齎f[[岾Q痚Rachel Sykes 剉N莧▼簨S_鉔齎\魦剉簨噀 嚇譙/T裇 鵞噀f[噀S覊r倓v靣yr'` g哊N汵癳剉骮誰0購虘1\T鹼購莧簨噀孴 gsQ齎\魦屬徆eb梽v骮誰 v^鵞噀-N術汵聣筽衏N筽 N Ta翂0 2.塠Y\魦 購莧槝:N 0鸞泂虘3t仠綶 悇v鶺R穇\魦-N剉塠Y 0 Reading for Quiet in Marilynne Robinson s Gilead Novels, 2017. 剉簨噀}6qxvz剉;N亯/fS_鉔齎W T\O禰仠綶 悇v N钀錘Z唲g剉夎\G曻WR穇:NEe婲裇u0W剉\魦  0鶺R穇 0Gilead, 2004 0 0禰 0Home, 2008 孴 0眱蒪 0Lila, 2014 FO茐螒儚:N_ vQ-N N臢塵蔛哊S_鉔齎\魦孴xvz剉癳褟裇U\ 貜鬡諂塠Y棇T鶗購$N*N俰鮛砲t哊蜰銼 ^J0RT皊鉔剉壒e噀S 諎(WN壒e噀S$NCSYt^裇U\豐S剉^踠T鹼-N▼仠綶 悇v鶺R穇\魦剉噀f[鱊f僛霳(W噀f[噀S$N筫b梽v蛻亯aIN0(W噀f[筫b yY:N購汵塠Y\魦蚐 f哊齎\魦蹚eQ21N獈T剉癳pT R藌哊N蛓癳剉賁婲f[0yYc鶴 0R哊20N獈+g21N獈R 齎\魦豐梍妽eg妽廩'Y孴鶗 諎(W鬴'Y膲!j Nh埌s齎孴NLu噀S 詋俌_pQ慭Jonathan Franzen 0穇虘ZDon DeLillo 0罷Thomas Pynchon 0NS眱隭David Foster Wallace I{篘剉\O罷0郪dk 仠綶 悇v塠Y\魦/f鵞購NnoAm剉輳 N諷梍哊坃'Yb烺0yY剉 0鶺R穇 0 N臢穬梍哊2004t^齎禰fN膵LuVY02005t^nf)RV{VY孴2005t^O倐fNVY 貜_裇哊塠Y\魦R\O韕 vQ-N剉蛻亯\O罷 g^仠KQ痚Geraldine Brooks 剉 0l欸Y 0March, 2004 0痚yr砇yrElizabeth Strout 剉 0eY)R_鶺yr虘GY 0Olive Kitteridge, 2008 0萒NPaul Harding 剉 0頞煍 S 0Tinkers, 2009 0 Denis Johnson 剉 0kpf彟h 0Train Dreams, 2011 0褃\Teju Cole 剉 0 N緥2栁W^ 0Open City, 2011 0襌硚Ben Lerner 剉 0粂_?朮bp`賨 0Leaving the Atocha Station, 2011 0钑WAlice Munro 剉 0漑5崉vu;m 0Dear Life, 2012 孴?柹b卙NRabih Alameddine 剉 0N*N N臺亯剉sY篘 0An Unnecessary Woman, 2014 0Ndk T鰁 yb膵Lu鵞塠Y\魦剉tQ_N g瀀鄀螿0錘nf)RV{\魦VY膵訷XTO:N婳 (W2005t^奲VY坈圢 0鶺R穇 0KNT 諲霳(W2006t^02008t^孴2010t^膵鶴剉^仠KQ痚剉 0'Y蹚決 00痚yr砇yr剉 0eY)R_鶺yr虘GY 0孴萒N剉 0頞煍 S 0I{\O罷_N龕/f塠Y\魦0 髞嶯仠綶 怈bR藌剉賁婲f[ [岾Q痚奲僛饄\O塠Y棊f[ :NvQ亯 }S靊塠Y梽v篘ir0塠Y梽v0W筽孴塠Y梽v茐覊0購汵亯 }/f仠綶 悇v N钀鶺R穇\魦@bqQ g剉 /f僛霳颯珗 w\O塠Y\魦剉;N亯漁nc0購Nf[剉q毃R汻 N/f鶗剉L埁R0婲鯪孴臽倐 /fa茓剉匭(W:g6R孴鵞皊鉔;NIN鶗;N槝剉9e橯0[岾Q痚(u 塴`烻R Sykes, 2017: 108 eg俰靊購Nf[剉q毃R汻 :_尐c≧仠綶 悏[Y\魦-NEe婲裇U\剉/f塠Y椇Nir剉塴`0yY:N ck/f仠綶 悏[Y\魦@bSO皊剉購汵f[yr筽O梍僛霳 g+R嶯S_鉔剉鶗\魦 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諲(W^S愅媱v芉Y N_N/f N哊坃'Y烺+Y剉0 c諲剉魦誰 (W舃鸑鶺R穇lQtOgr^剉踁AS擭t^虘 諲qQ橯哊mQNNCS擭~vYu^S愅 鍌 c N~vuN,gegfN 齹b孨~v孨AS擭,g0 (W~偲Y痚剉酧虘 b霳nx瀃8^齹翂0R諲隨?QP[蔛諲篘+R\O:N剉輯 詋俌諲魦 g鰁 b淯1rnffg)Y剉s^Y01\螾N:W杅钖KNT賨(WR璬 N蛓P[剉鞻P[羍N7h0`O齹a蓧0R鄀餢鄀b_剉u}T0`O梺塟P剉闟/f\胈+R)0R僛0 Robinson, 2004: 20 (W購祂輯虘 b霳齹Y w0R諲鵞nf悑Nir孴s^Yu;m剉淯1r0鵞鄀餢鄀b_婲ir剉Oea錘蔛鵞u}T剉蛃茐0諲隨篘賨(W鞻P[羍a蓧 N亯蹚籗\O:N/f gSt剉N/f郪:NR N菑钖 蛓P[騗蟸梍0R@b梽v4lR孨/f郪:NR璬 N剉蛓P[筟f)0R0_N1\/f魦 ~偲Y痚v^ N蚐鵞\O:N /f蚐鵞 NS_\O:N :N擽奲L:N宼ep`S_0諲(W酧虘1\JT雼?QP[亯宼e}Y陙馷剉>l孴姙 kpl*Y'Y 裇梍*Y憳A~b Np`S_ O b`O骮a N0R剉4xOW0枡HQ 亯鑜a`O剉姙0 甠kp齹胵鑍(g 4YsS/fkp讉   /fwt0 Robinson, 2004: 6 ~偲Y痚剉顣槝/f 諲鍂S惛Ywt s^鰁_N鑜au恎qgbL FO g汵鰁PtSu惇_ N哊 u髞O%N蛻輳虁0購汵鰁P 諲1\ N齹塠Y O豐梍ASR鶗0購/f 0鶺R穇 0虘剉N'Y蚐綃 _N/ffN虘踳睶亃孴Ee婲sT剉;N亯鶴Y0購汵鰁P'YYNpgKQ購*N篘ir gsQ0pgKQ/f~偲Y痚剉薙0鶺R穇OOgr^/O槃v?QP[0粂禰孨ASt^T 諲亯蜰Y0W轛eg哊0/O橓[dk 鈋g黺萐鏮Q 0 g黺 /f郪:N購/fpgKQ粂禰T,{N!k轛eg 鏮Q /f郪:NpgKQ/fN*N 飲eQgk悇v篘 粂禰MRZP菑笅YOW婲 S靊沚_邖諲`哊U[剉裏Z0pgKQ_N銷~偲Y痚鏮Q 郪:N諲/f~偲Y痚剉YeP[0~偲Y痚(W酧虘T?QP[薔蛜pgKQ/f購7h_4Y剉 b蟢hT髞\尯N!k#W6r剉1rNb霳剉擽梍KN魰剉頬輱0 S_b w0R6r蚹Ni[P[KN魰剉鴙 T頬輱鰁 b;`/fa0R|``0 Robinson, 2004: 73 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2000: 161 0@b錘Xo芛購鰁1r N抎蒪 齹Y蚐 fvQ鶗_薡鵞塠Y_>e0S_6q Xo芛1r抎蒪輣^楆S郪:NyY塠Y0諲_N乬vQ淯"kyY@b膥莮剉蚐`孴9e 悧[Ye剉;m≧0諲霳镺gT淯觺o _N颯錘珗 w\O鶗N塠Y梽v孾觺T0 0鶺R穇 0虘剉~偲Y痚^8^淯"k購7hN錝輯 N(WNvQ諲婲ir剉T鹼-NX[(W剉婲ir1\ N齹魦僛X[(W0 Robinson, 2004: 47 0 N^KN蜽 0虘剉1r郪痚fW蚐 Y:_ 8l軓亯 g耂gqir  輣鵞袕≧孴輣鵞Y梑k/f曪媱v Doctorow, 2000: 36 0錘 N薔蛜剉$N钀\O罷虘剉wQSO蟘橯颯錘魦f 鄀簨(W塠Y\魦貜/f鶗\魦虘 塠YN鶗龕/f鴙扤漁X[0緰錘R粂剉 =\僛霳剉詋婳(W N T\O罷-N N=\鴙 T0郪dk (u塠Y\魦孴鶗\魦購$N*N俰鮛egRR\魦 $\vQ/f汵詋vQ諲噀S罷亯 YBg梍Y剉O纘\魦 擽鍕^8^(孨a &TR1\O齙茐\O罷虘剉笅Y蟘橯 _c砙鵞\O罷蔛vQ噀S覊r倓v奲醕0 Nb1\egRR塠Y\魦孴鶗\魦鵞t銐噀f[N噀S剉sQ鹼錘蔛噀f[剉噀S覊r傦S齹u剉 N)Rq_蚑0 4.噀f[N噀S [岾Q痚^8^sQ鑜噀f[N噀S剉sQ鹼錘蔛噀f[剉噀S覊r0詋俌yY:NS_鉔鶗噀Su鶗\魦 郪 仠綶 悇v塠Y\魦1\^8^yr+R 鵞嶯KQ gS_鉔噀S孴\魦-N剉鶗顣槝坃 gaIN0峇詋俌 yY:N仠綶 悇v塠Y\魦_NN噀SsQ鹼'}芠 d枂NNS_鉔鶗噀S剉鵞藌sQ鹼 貜 gN銼鉔塠Y棁eS剉鐍bsQ鹼0鵞嶯仠綶 (Wh埌s塠Y梽vO筽KNY萐韈:yvQ:筽購NZP誰 yY_NT鹼噀S\O哊銐蕬0yYc鶴 (WS_蔔購*N扤TQhQtS0NR龕HTR聢`剉pex噀S鰁鉔 塠Y梽v塴`孴瘇箌剉塠Y\魦龕/f N颯齹剉 郪dk仠綶 1\ N梍 N奲塠Y梽vO:筽龕HT皊鶴eg0;`KN yY:N仠綶 悀b哊抍塠Y梽vS_鉔噀S0瘈歔塠Y梽v銼鉔噀S孴ONR龕Y嶯R聢`剉pex噀S 諎hf 仠綶 悪Q N橯塠Y0:N繬HN橯塠Y棇T`HN橯塠Y梙Q龕諷砆嶯噀S0 [岾Q痚鵞仠綶 悇v噀Sxvznx瀃wQ g鍂茓'`孴/T裇'` FO_N緰MQO_裇N汵顣槝0購虘亯顣剉/fW綶 \魦g;N亯剉噀S覊r倂z遺/f 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O諲鵞NLu孴梉Ye剉茓 N璭燫駇0購汵諲S靊TN倸N孴抎蒪購鵞蹚S>m箁*YYe蒪詋+Y嘫0TN倸NuMR@b麐剉杸眱芛Gershom Scholem 孴誰瘈wm芛Emil Fackenheim I{蚐`梉Ye剉箁*Y梉Ye騎f[禰0箁*Y敄粂:S錯皨@b峇皊剉穇齎硚箌蔛vQ蚐梑0耂燫抎蒪剉箁*YYe O邁x▼韘剉鷭\irtf[VY梍;N^X)Rm]躡 vQ瀃/f VyHQ]躡 Doctorow, 2000: 251 銼 ^/Oeg篘剉鍂茓^8^ gP N鍂S悋[橻剉t^劅'Y/fN~v擭AS縉t^ N鍂S悋[橻S+TY*N1upe~vNft刧b剉f鹼0f鹼孴 g卂茓剉褳r俰r( 郪dk諲霳@b(u剉 ;N 0 #W6r 孴 gr篘 I{le韹騗 N硩錘EQR^崕 Doctorow, 2000: 253 N^哊0^X)Rf皊鶴eg0& & 僛坃悥貀 闟齹baba0W0n0W籗裇皊 gT漁`椘朣O剉汻蠎籗t銐 1\螾褃f[膲媉N7h0 Doctorow, 2000: 254 ck/f(WT購汵諲剉_>e-N Xo芛 N璭0W9e豐@w陙馷 p嶛Q哊qS:g ~b0R哊颯酧剉 N^孴癳剉 ^g0(WXo芛N抎蒪剉ZZe 郪 薡葉龕珗Xo芛蔪T01\(W購*NZZm箁*YYeYeO`骮_>e0bT*geg 孾hQ&{T諲剉購N顅剉0郪dk 諲\O鶴哊購N砆歔 瀃皊哊諲S_^yf[錘eg剉g'Yl徹S _N賬哊;NYe錘g'Y蔪T0,T哊Xo芛剉砆歔 ;NYeb梤 ^q}v (WiP[虘≧9_ N梍  N[O珗褈(W僛 Nb Doctorow, 2000: 267 0>f6q _g;NYe剉v^^+R篘剉髜P[ /f諲陙馷剉鮌S丳[0 5. 觺韹 [岾Q痚'}芠T鹼塠Y棁eS孴鶗噀S (u塠Y\魦孴鶗\魦egRR\魦 :NS_鉔齎\魦xvz衏汷哊N*N癳覊0yY奲W綶 悇v鶺R穇\魦 w\O塠Y\魦 諎(W僛霳鵞S_鉔鶗噀S剉yb$R-N:_寖[霳剉噀f[鱊e孴9e豐噀S皊秗剉R '`0惽忶[噀,g剉wQSOR恎 ,g噀諎魦fN _g孴銐>e龕颯錘 g塠Y棇T鶗$N蛓b_`孨 O纘噀f[\O罷剉噀S覊r傡ryr'`鬴Y0Wh埌s(Wyb$R_gR '`剉\頃噀S孴鷁緥銐>eR '`剉_>e噀S N N/f(u塠Y棁eSyb$R鶗噀S N0 鑜蕬     ^gJohn Brown, 1800-1859 , 齎焇tY;NIN 1855_薡(W*X(劘e啒黐fk艌焇tY袕≧ 1859t^珗Uc1\IN0諲@b啒黐剉袕≧乬'Y0W纎S哊匭bMR剉WSS踳0 蜰1691t^_ T<\歂轢gHQ惽復S怹Z誰_薡 齎qQ g踁ASN*N轢 g蚐怹Z誰0蜰1780t^綶Y誰<\歂轢gHQ焇d柾S怹Z誰髞蔔 qQ g孨AS擭*N轢HQT焇d柾S怹Z誰0鶺R穇@b(W剉c?朜S轢1839t^惽復S怹Z誰 1851t^焇d0*b髞pgKQ詮轛鶺R穇剉1956t^ 蚇 g孨AS擭*N轢 g蚐怹Z誰 S靊Nc?朜S鋁剉芠蟼虘0匭^蒪痚燫孴WS緩褃TX N轢0 #WeY銼痚NSaint Augustine, 354-430 銼Wl汑WcwYe`骮禰 413髞425t^魰(u蒪N噀橯b g 鶺cwYe剉,{N钀哠騍騎f[W刓O KN饄0鵞壒e噀fu菑駇軓q_蚑剉 0 N^KN蜽 0The City of God 0YKQXbW剉 0 N^KN蜽 0剉fN T1\/fP陙eY銼痚N v^\O哊N筽豐≧ S靊籗塩歔燪蛬0鹠燫oRh槝 A Novel 0  翂 0癳l*Y弝髼 0Matthew 186孴 0癳飴燫弝髼 0Luke 1720  鬩yrKarl Barth, 1886-1968 , ^t隭^yf[禰 珗^踠茐:N20N獈gW T剉鶺cwYe`骮禰KNN0  眱i`Jim Lane, 1814-1866 齎焇tY;NIN 匭bMR(W*X(劘e耂N啒黐哊fk艌焇tY袕≧ 匭b-N舃鸑菑S筫決\決0  杸眱芛Gershom Scholem 1897-1982 u嶯穇齎剉錘rR騎f[禰孴哠騍f[禰 皊鉔U鬩蒪箁*YYe^y貀騎f[ xvz剉R薡篘 6飴抎稱 ^/Oeg'Yf[剉,{NMO箁*YYe^y貀騎f[Ye坈0  誰瘈wm芛Emil Fackenheim 1916-2003 u嶯穇齎剉燫b'Y箁*Y騎f[禰 9ei>m箁*YYe蒪詋 Y&OY'Yf[騎f[Ye坈0 _(u噀.s [1]Attridge, Derek. The Singularity of Literature. London & New York: Routledge, 2004. [2]Augustine. The City of God against the Pagans. Edited and translated by R. W. Dyson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. [3]Bawer, Bruce.  The Faith of E. L. Doctorow. The Hudson Review, 53. 3 (Autumn, 2000) 391-402. [4]Doctorow, E. L. City of God: A Nove. New York: Random House, 2000. [5]Keeling, Julian.  You Want God? New Statesman (1996) 129.4483 (Apr. 24, 2000) 56. [6]Robinson, Marilynne. Gilead. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2004. [7]Sykes, Rachel.  Reading for Quiet in Marilynne Robinson s Gilead Novels. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, 58:2 (2017) 108-120. [8]Williamson, Eric Miles.  A Great American Notebook. Houston Chronicle, March 5, 2000. 駛噀Xd亯 The Singularity of Literature s Cultural Role LIU Jianhua Abstract: Cultural studies can benefit literary studies and also cause some unfavorable tendencies like cultural determinism and the neglect of literature s singularity to the detriment of literary studies. This paper will discuss cultural determinism s detrimental influence on the comprehension of literary works and emphasize the necessity to respect the singularity of literature and its cultural role in relation to the concerned works of contemporary American novel and its studies. Key words: literature, culture, creativity, Marilynne Robinson, E. L. 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